 |
Arthur A. Fletcher advised 4 U.S. Presidents
on economic needs of historically disadvantaged Americans. |
The voice that whispered common sense socioeconomics, at one time breathed life into the slogan, “A mind is a terrible thing to waste.” It was a voice that defined national security in terms of workforce investment.
The one ominously silent voice in the great debate on change is that of the Father of the Affirmative Action Enforcement Movement. Among his final acts of innovation economics,
Before that,
Richard Allen was a social entrepreneur, one of the first minority government
contractors, winning the bid for chimney sweeping at The President’s Residence.
Allen’s brand of altruism and Fletcher’s activism represent two key,
underreported factors in today’s economic shake-up.
An unpaid, unsettled debt in the hands of the first Black US President, has a lot of folks searching The Bible as well as American history. The best example of a modern day fear factor is spewing religious rhetoric in Tea Party politics, and hoping fervently that God will restore the “traditional” America envisioned by the forefathers.
A quick look at a report on slave assets by Wells Fargo’s predecessor, Wachovia Bank, reveals loose dirt at the core of a cracked foundation. Two of the three founders of the Bank of North America, Robert Morris (the bank’s first president) and Thomas Willing, amassed at least part of their personal fortunes from the slave trade. In 1781, they formed Willing & Morris, a Philadelphia-based merchant business that dealt significantly in slave shipments and trading. Both Willing and Morris used their profits from the slave trade to fund the establishment of the Bank of North America.
Of the Bank of North America’s stock holders, one man, Edward Burd, is reported to have owned at least four slaves (Nagle 2005). Another seven stock holders’ names appear on a list of 1791 Pennsylvania slave owners (Nash 1973). In addition, at least 186 bank account holders’ names appear on that same 1791 list. Although the names appear on both lists, and the bank was based in Philadelphia, there is no way to verify that the individuals were the same.
In 1791, The Bank of North America was succeeded by the First Bank of the United States, which the U.S. Congress charters under Article One, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, after the Constitution replaces the Articles of Confederation as the foundation of American government.
Records
detailing the mortgage and debt payments were not located. Such records are the
types of records that, in the cases of Georgia Railroad Company and Bank of
Charleston below, yielded conclusive evidence of those institutions’ direct
profits from slavery and ownership of slaves.
The voice that whispered common sense socioeconomics, at one time breathed life into the slogan, “A mind is a terrible thing to waste.” It was a voice that defined national security in terms of workforce investment.
The one ominously silent voice in the great debate on change is that of the Father of the Affirmative Action Enforcement Movement. Among his final acts of innovation economics,
Fletcher’s introduction to The World Wide Web was nothing short of frieghtening for American business and banking. Art Allen Fletcher claimed to be a distant family member of Richard Allen, who in 1816, founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
Before that, Richard Allen was a social entrepreneur, one of the first minority government contractors, winning the bid for chimney sweeping at The President’s Residence. Allen’s brand of altruism and Fletcher’s activism represent two key, underreported factors in today’s economic shake-up.
An unpaid, unsettled debt in the hands of the first Black US President, has a lot of folks searching The Bible as well as American history. The best example of a modern day fear factor is spewing religious rhetoric in Tea Party politics, and hoping fervently that God will restore the “traditional” America envisioned by the forefathers.
A quick look at America’s Economic Timeline reveals loose dirt at the core of a cracked foundation. Two of the three founders of the Bank of North America, Robert Morris (the bank’s first president) and Thomas Willing, amassed at least part of their personal fortunes from the slave trade. In 1781, they formed Willing & Morris, a Philadelphia-based merchant business that dealt significantly in slave shipments and trading. Both Willing and Morris used their profits from the slave trade to fund the establishment of the Bank of North America.
Of the Bank of North America’s stock holders, one man, Edward Burd, is reported to have owned at least four slaves (Nagle 2005). Another seven stock holders’ names appear on a list of 1791 Pennsylvania slave owners (Nash 1973). In addition, at least 186 bank account holders’ names appear on that same 1791 list. Although the names appear on both lists, and the bank was based in Philadelphia, there is no way to verify that the individuals were the same.
In 1791, The Bank of North America was succeeded by the First Bank of the United States, which the U.S. Congress charters under Article One, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, after the Constitution replaces the Articles of Confederation as the foundation of American government.
Records detailing the mortgage and debt payments were not located. Such records are the types of records that, in the cases of Georgia Railroad Company and Bank of Charleston below, yielded conclusive evidence of those institutions’ direct profits from slavery and ownership of slaves.
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